考点一 主语从句
规则❶ 引导主语从句的连接词如下: who,that,which,what,when,where,how,whether,why,whoever,whichever,whatever等。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。
What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深深的爱。
规则❷ 主语从句一般放在句首,但有时也可用it作形式主语,而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型:
(1)It+be+形容词(necessary/likely/important/uncertain等)+that从句。
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about,although about two thousand patients have taken it.尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药,但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
(2)It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder/no surprise等)+that从句。
It's no surprise that our team has won the game.
我们队获胜一点都不令人吃惊。
(3)It+be+过去分词(said/reported/decided/believed等)+that从句。
It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。
考点二 表语从句
规则❶ 表语从句的引导词主要有: that(不可省略),whether(不能换成if),what,who,which,how,why,when,where,whoever,wherever,as if/though等。
The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
问题是我们是否可以在如此短的时间内做好准备。
规则❷ because引导的表语从句强调原因,而why引导的表语从句强调结果。
If I'm a bit sleepy,it's because I was up all night.
如果我有点困,是因为一夜没睡。
That's why I object to the plan.
这就是我反对这个计划的原因。
考点三 宾语从句
规则❶ 引导宾语从句的连接词:从属连词that,whether,if;连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等;连接副词when,where,why,how等;从句用陈述语序。
We must find out when Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来,以便我们可以为他预订房间。
规则❷ 形式宾语it:在动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.我很清楚,我已下定决心实施这项计划。
规则❸ 有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句,需要借助形式宾语it。常见的这类动词有like,dislike,hate,love,enjoy,appreciate等。
He hates it when people play his iPhone 7.
他讨厌别人玩他的苹果7。
考点四 同位语从句
规则❶ 同位语从句常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief等词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步解释、说明。
The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment hasn't been solved.
我们是否应该继续做实验这一问题还没解决。
规则❷ 同位语从句的引导词只起引导作用,不在句中作任何成分,一般不可省略。
The news that Sun Yang had won the game spread over the whole school.
孙杨赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。
考点五 whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句
规则❶ whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换。但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。
规则❷ 但与or或or not连用时只能用whether。
I don't know whether or not the report is true.
我不知道报道是否真的。
规则❸ 但从句作介词宾语时只能用whether。
I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病的关键时刻。