非谓语的三种形式分别表示什么

非谓语的三种形式分别表示什么

首页维修大全综合更新时间:2023-06-22 12:48:25

非谓语的三种形式分别表示什么

非谓语动词包含三种形式,即不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词和过去分词)。其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。

具体如下:

1. 不定式

①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)

②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)

③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)

④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)

⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)

⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)

The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 老师让我们做早操。

The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。

She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师进来时,她假装正在读书。

The thief is said to have escaped. 据说小偷已经逃跑了。

The thief is said to have been arrested. 据说小偷已经被抓住了。

She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。

2. 动名词

①基本形式:doing (表示主动)

②被动式:being done(表示被动)

③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)

④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)

Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。

Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。

I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you. 我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。

Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop. 很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。

3. 现在分词

①基本形式:doing (表示主动和进行)

②被动式:being done(表示被动和进行)

③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)

④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)

He sat there,reading a newspaper. 他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。

The area being studied may be rich in coal. 这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。

Having finished my homework,I began to watch TV. 完成作业后,我开始看电视。

Having been told many times,she still can't remember it. 已经被告诉了很多次,她仍然记不住。

4. 过去分词:done

及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。

polluted river 被污染的河流;fallen leaves 落叶

注意:非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的:和谓语动作同时发生表示进行;发生在谓语动作之后表示将来;发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。

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