音标的发音规律(音标特殊发音规律)

音标的发音规律(音标特殊发音规律)

首页维修大全综合更新时间:2024-02-01 10:22:52

音标的发音规律

开闭音节

一.开音节

1.相对开音节:辅音+元音+辅音(r除外)+不发音的e 。元音字母发它本身的音。

eg:bike, home,like

2.绝对开音节

绝对开音节:辅音+元音。  以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节。这个元音字母在单词中发它在字母表中的音,即它本身的读音。

eg:also,photo,no

二.闭音节

以元音字母加一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)结尾的音节叫闭音节。

闭音节结构可以分为:元音+辅音或元音+辅音+辅音。

重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的单词改变时态时要双写。

eg:forbid---forbidding (重读闭音节,双写)

prohibit---prohibiting (重读在第二音节,结尾音节非重读闭音节,不双写)

travel---travelled(traveled)(英式双写,美式不双写)

元音发音

a

①开音节 /eɪ/ name,plane,Jane,baby,cake

②闭音节

1一般读作 /æ/ bag,dad,hat,map,black,back 

2后面字为st,ss,th时读/ɑ:/

e

①开音节 /i:/ he,these,me,Chinese

②闭音节 /e/ bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg

i

①开音节 /aɪ/ bike,drive,time,nice,kite

②闭音节 /ɪ/ fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim

o

①开音节/əʊ//o/ those,close,go,hoe,home,no

②闭音节/ɒ//a/clock,not,box,shop,sock

u

①在开音节中

1./ju:/ student/u/,excuse,duty,Tuesday/u/

2.元音字母u在辅音字母j、l、r或字母组合ch、sh、tr、dr后面时(辅音字母发音为[ʃ]、[ʒ]、[tʃ]、[dʒ]、[l]、[r]、[tr]、[dr]),读/u:/,例如:June,blue,ruler,true。

②闭音节 /ʌ/ bus,cup,jump,much,lunch

元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

a

①/w/音后面 /ɒ//a/ want,what,watch,wash,quality

②在f,n,sk,ph,sp,ss,st,th,lm前/α:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,father

i

在-nd,-ld和gh前/aɪ/find,child,light,high

o

①在-st,-ld前/əʊ//o/most,postcard,old,cold

②在m,n,v,th前/ʌ/come,monkey,love,mother

r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

ar

①/α:/car,farm,dark,sharpener

②在/w/音后面/ɔ:/warm,quarter,towards

or

①/ɔ:/forty morning short

②/ɜ:/word worker worse

er,ir,ur

/ɜ:/certainly bird Thursday

are

/eə/care,dare,hare

ere

/ɪə/here,mere

ire

/aɪə/fire,hire,wire

ore

/ɔ:/more,score,before

ure

/jʊə/pure,cure

-re

/ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre

ai,ay

/eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,play

air

/eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair

al

①在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,

②/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almost

③在f,m前/α:/half,calm

au,aw

/ɔ:/autumn,daughter,draw

ea

①/i:/teach,easy,cheap,please

②/e/heavy,bread,sweater,weather

③/eɪ/break,great

ear

①/ɪə/hear,dear,near,clear,year

②/eə/bear,pear,wear,swear

③/ɜ:/earth,learn,early

ee

/i:/jeep,week,green,three

eer

/ɪə/pioneer,deer,beer

ei,ey

①/eɪ/eight,neighbour,they

②/i:/seize,key

eu,ew

①在j,l,r,s后/u:/ flew,brew,jewelry,jewel

②/ju:/ new,few,newspaper

ie,ei

/s/音之后/i:/piece,field,receive

oa

/əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goal

oar,oor

/ɔ:/roar,board,door,floor

oi,oy

/ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet

oo

/u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoo

/ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good, football

ou,ow

①/aʊ/flower,house,count,down

②/əʊ/know,row,throw,though

③/ʌ/young,country,enough

④/u:/group,soup

our

①/ɔ:/ course,your,four

②/aʊə/our,hour,sour

③/ɜ:/journey

oul

/ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词)

ui

①在j,l,r,s后/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuition

②/u:/juice,fruit,suit

注:①辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节

    ,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。 

    例如:carry,sorry,hurry。

    ②-r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音,

    例如:dollar,teacher,martyr,forget,Saturday。

     ③ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音,例如:picture,pleasure。

元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

a

/ə/ China,another,woman,breakfast

动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,作动词后缀音,a读/eɪ/音,例如:operate.

e

/ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,children

i

①/ə/holiday,beautiful,family,animal

②/aɪ/exercise,satellite

o

①/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcome

②/əʊ/also,zero,photo

u

①/ə/autumn,difficult

②/ju:/popular,congratulation,January

③在辅音字母j,l,r,s后面时,读/ʊ/或/u:/音,

例如:July,influence,February,issue。

在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a,e,i既可以读/ə/的音,也可以读/ɪ/的音。

ai,ay,ei,ey

/ɪ/foreign,monkey

ow

/əʊ/yellow,sparrow,tomorrow

注:元音字组在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音或/ɪ/音。

例如:serious,famous,biscuit,coffee,neighbour

-sion,-tion

①/ʃən/impression,nation

②在元音字母后/ʒən/vision,decision,occasion

③在s后/tʃən/question,suggestion

-isle

/aɪl/aisle, Carlisle

-sten

/sən/listen

-stle

/sl/whistle

-sure

/ʒə/pleasure,measure

-ture

/tʃə/picture,culture

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