在英语中,过去式表示动作或状态发生在过去的某个时间。以下是四年级下册英语过去式的用法:
1.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。
过去式构成方法:
一般过去时的构成方法为:情态动词(情态动词+动词原形)+ 主语+ 动词过去式。
例如:
-I have eaten breakfast.(我吃了早餐。)
-He has visited me.(他来过我。)
2.一般过去时的被动语态:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,并且动作由别人完成。
被动语态构成方法:
一般过去时的被动语态构成方法为:情态动词(情态动词+动词原形)+ 主语+ 动词的过去式+ was/were + 被动语态。
例如:
-The window was broken by the ball.(窗户被球打破了。)
-She was visited by her friends.(她被她的朋友们拜访了。)
3.现在完成时:表示从过去某个时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
构成方法:
现在完成时的构成方法为:情态动词(情态动词+动词原形)+ 主语+ have/has + 过去分词。
例如:
-I have learned English for five years.(我已经学英语五年了。)
-She has finished her homework.(她已经完成了她的家庭作业。)
4.现在完成时的被动语态:表示从过去某个时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,并且动作由别人完成。
构成方法:
现在完成时的被动语态构成方法为:情态动词(情态动词+动词原形)+ 主语+ have/has + 过去分词+ was/were + 被动语态。
例如:
-The weather has been good this week.(这个星期天气一直很好。)
-He has seen me since last month.(他自从上个月以来一直见过我。)
需要注意的是,现在完成时和一般过去时很容易混淆,主要区别在于时态构成方法中的情态动词。
一般过去时的用法
一、概念
1.表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。
如:1)I was at the zoo yesterday. 昨天我在动物园。
2)I went to bed at eleven last nigth. 昨晚我11:00睡觉。
2.表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯
性的动作。
1)When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我在小的时候,我经常在街道上踢足球。
2)My father often drove to work last year. 去年,我爸爸经常开车上班。
二、句子结构
1.在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式was,were构成。
如:(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。
(2)We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。
2.在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。
如:I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。
3.各种句式
(1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句: 主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语或表语。
He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.
(2)一般过去时的否定句:
a.主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 宾语。 (did + not = didn't) He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.
b.主语 + wasn’t/weren’t +表语。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't) He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.
(3)一般过去时的一般疑问句:
a.Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语 ? Did you study English in 1990 ? b.Was/Were + 主语 + 表语 ? Was he a pupil five years ago ?
(4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:
a.特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语? Where did your parents live five years ago? What did you do last Sunday?
b.特殊疑问词 + were/was + 表语? Who was at the zoo yesterday?
三、时间特征 在一般过去时句子中,通常与下列表示过去的时间状语连用:yesterday, yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening, the day before yesterday(前天), last night, last week, last month, last year, a moment ago(刚才), just now(刚才), two days ago, a week ago, in 1990,
四、动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式:
am,is-was are-were do-did see-saw say-said give-gave get-got go-went come-came have-had eat-ate take-took run-ran sing-sang put-put make-made read-read write-wrote draw-drew drink-drank fly-flew ride-rode speak-spoke sweep-swept swim-swam sit-sat
6.词尾听加的— ed的发音,有以下几种情况:
a. 以元音或浊辅音结尾的动词。加— ed后,— ed发音浊辅音[d]。
b. 以清辅音结尾的动词,加— ed后,— ed发清辅音[t]。
c. 以[t] [d]结尾的动词,加— ed后,— ed发[id],与结尾的[t]、[d]相拼,读作[tid]或[did].动词变过去式的不规则变化总结
1.把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:
begin—began,drink—drank,give—gave,ring—rang,sing—sang,sit—sat,
swim—swam
2.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
3.改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:
draw—drew,grow—grew,know—knew,throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
4.动词原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:
get—got,forget—forgot
5.动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:
feed—fed,meet—met
6.动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:
keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept
7.动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
8.动词原形中的ell改为old,变成过去式。如:
sell—sold,tell—told
9.动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
10.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如:
bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
11.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
2.把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。
如:
come—came,become—became
13.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕
14.动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:
let—let,must—must,put—put,read—read〔red〕
15.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,
do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,feel—felt,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took
A.从1—10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten
B.从 11—19eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen C.从 21—99整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”