主谓宾补和主谓双宾是两种常见的句子结构,它们的区别在于谓语动词后面跟的成分不同。
主谓宾补结构的句子中,谓语动词后面跟的是宾语和补语,补语通常是形容词、名词、介词短语等,用来补充说明宾语的特征或状态。例如:
- The teacher considers him a good student.(主谓宾补结构,“him”是宾语,“a good student”是补语)
- She found the book interesting.(主谓宾补结构,“the book”是宾语,“interesting”是补语)
- They made Tom their leader.(主谓宾补结构,“Tom”是宾语,“their leader”是补语)
主谓双宾结构的句子中,谓语动词后面跟的是两个宾语,通常一个是直接宾语,一个是间接宾语,间接宾语通常是人,直接宾语通常是物。例如:
- He gave me a book.(主谓双宾结构,“me”是间接宾语,“a book”是直接宾语)
- She bought her mother a present.(主谓双宾结构,“her mother”是间接宾语,“a present”是直接宾语)
- They showed us their new house.(主谓双宾结构,“us”是间接宾语,“their new house”是直接宾语)
需要注意的是,有些动词既可以接主谓宾补结构,也可以接主谓双宾结构,具体取决于它们的用法和语境。例如:
- We consider him a great man.(主谓宾补结构,“him”是宾语,“a great man”是补语)
- We consider him very intelligent.(主谓宾补结构,“him”是宾语,“very intelligent”是补语)
- I gave him a book.(主谓双宾结构,“him”是间接宾语,“a book”是直接宾语)
- I gave a book to him.(主谓双宾结构,“a book”是直接宾语,“him”是间接宾语)