距离2020年结束还有不到一个月的时间，新冠疫情仍在全球多地肆虐。不少国家对疫苗的需求也逐渐进入“刚需”阶段，并且纷纷将目光投向了中国。
最近一段时间，中国国产新冠疫苗接连传出好消息——
埃及卫生部官员表示，该国已于10日收到首批由中国国药集团研制的新冠疫苗。
墨西哥外交大臣埃布拉德9日宣布，该国卫生部已签署一项协议，同意购买3500万剂中国康希诺生物生产的疫苗。
阿拉伯联合酋长国卫生和预防部9日在一份声明中说，给予由中国国药集团研发的新冠灭活疫苗正式注册。声明还指出，对Ⅲ期临床试验的分析表明，该灭活疫苗对抗新冠病毒感染的有效率为86%，同时证明该疫苗没有严重的安全隐患。
印尼总统佐科6日表示，已收到来自中国的首批120万剂由中国科兴生物研发的新冠疫苗，政府已为大规模疫苗接种计划做好准备。
Egypt received its first shipment of vaccines developed by China National Pharmaceutical Group (Sinopharm) late on Thursday and will get more deliveries soon, health officials said.
The shipment arrived at Cairo airport from the United Arab Emirates, which has been carrying out phase III clinical trials of the vaccine.
The UAE health ministry said this week that the Sinopharm vaccine had 86 percent efficacy, citing an interim analysis of the late-stage clinical trials.
Mexican Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard said on Wednesday the Health Ministry signed an agreement to buy 35 million doses of Chinese firm CanSino Biologics' COVID-19 vaccine.
Indonesia received its first shipment of a COVID-19 vaccine from China on Sunday as the government prepares for a mass inoculation program. President Jokowi said in an online briefing that the country received 1.2 million doses of a vaccine from China's Sinovac Biotech Ltd. that Indonesia has been testing since August.
目前，中国科兴生物研发的新冠疫苗已在巴西投产。巴西圣保罗州的生物医学中心负责人表示，包括秘鲁、乌拉圭、巴拉圭和洪都拉斯在内的多个拉美国家表示希望从巴西购买“克尔来福”新冠疫苗。
巴西圣保罗州州长在10日的新闻发布会表示，该州生物医学中心计划每天完成100万剂新冠疫苗的灌装生产，为2021年1月25日的疫苗接种计划做准备。据介绍，巴西已有11个州向该生物医学中心申请购买“克尔来福”新冠疫苗。
Doses of a COVID-19 vaccine made by China's Sinovac Biotech are rolling off a Brazilian production line, drawing interest around the country and across Latin America from governments struggling to procure costlier vaccines.
São Paulo Governor João Doria said at a news conference on Thursday that the state's biomedical center, the Butantan Institute, aims to fill and finish 1 million doses per day on its production line for a vaccination campaign to start January 25.
Doria said 11 Brazilian states have contacted Butantan seeking the doses of the vaccine.
At the same news conference, Butantan head Dimas Covas said several countries in the region, including Peru, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Honduras, are interested in buying the CoronaVac vaccine from Brazil. Butantan is in advanced talks with Argentina to the supply vaccine, he said.
美国《纽约时报》9日刊文称，阿联酋卫生部的这个声明是中国疫苗可能有助于遏制疫情蔓延的首个官方指标。如果其他地方的临床试验也显示出类似结果，中国的疫苗可能会成为发展中国家的“救命稻草”。
The announcement by the Emirates’ Ministry of Health and Prevention was the first official indicator of a Chinese vaccine’s potential to help stop the pandemic. If results from elsewhere show similar findings, the Chinese vaccines could offer a lifeline to developing countries.
文章还指出，国药集团的两种疫苗都是用灭活或弱化的新冠病毒制造的，这种技术已经使用了几十年，流感疫苗和脊髓灰质炎疫苗都用到了这种技术。相比之下，美国药企莫德纳和辉瑞研发的疫苗使用的是以前从未得到批准广泛使用的技术。
Sinopharm’s vaccines are both made from coronaviruses that have been killed or weakened, a technique that has been used for decades in the influenza and polio vaccines, for example. By comparison, Moderna’s and Pfizer’s vaccines use a technology that has never before been approved for widespread use.
文章最后援引纽约市西奈山伊坎医学院免疫学家弗洛里安·克拉默的话说，中国国药集团研发的灭活疫苗还有另一个优势，即接种后产生的不良副作用更少。克拉默表示，如果对阿联酋临床试验有更清楚的了解会更好，但他对疫苗的初步结果表示有信心。
Another advantage of the inactivated vaccines being developed by Sinopharm is that they tend to have fewer adverse effects after immunization, according to Florian Krammer, an immunologist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York. He said more clarity on the trials in the Emirates would be welcome, but expressed confidence in the vaccine’s initial results.
除了安全、有效之外，中国疫苗受青睐的另一个原因是：疫苗的储存和运输更容易。
美国《财富》杂志5日援引美国外交关系委员会全球卫生问题高级研究员黄严忠的话说，辉瑞和摩德纳疫苗潜在的运输分销限制，给全球疫苗供应留下空缺，中国疫苗可能会填补这个空缺。
公开资料显示，国药集团和科兴生物的灭活疫苗只需在2到8摄氏度下运输。相比之下，辉瑞和摩德纳的疫苗则分别须在零下70摄氏度和零下20摄氏度的环境中储存和运输，对物流条件要求较高。
Preliminary clinical results of two vaccine candidates made by Chinese firms Sinovac and Sinopharm have proven safe and effective among participants but there might be other reasons behind the international purchase.
The potential distribution limitations of the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines have left a hole in the global supply that may be filled by Chinese vaccine makers, Huang Yanzhong, senior fellow for global health at the Council on Foreign Relations, toldFortune magazine.
Using inactivated forms of COVID-19 to induce immune responses, the two Chinese vaccines are able to be distributed at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, according to companies' open files.
On the other hand, vaccines made by Pfizer have to be stored and shipped at minus 70 degrees Celsius (minus 94 Fahrenheit), while for Moderna, the temperature has to be minus 20 degrees Celsius (minus 4 Fahrenheit). Both are colder than the normal logistic services can serve.
The whole process requires the support of costly cold-chain distribution mechanisms. Things like airport freezer warehouses, refrigerated trucks, and on-site freezers have to be coordinated in advance. The lower the temperature needed, the harder it will be to widely distribute the vaccines.
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