一、用作疑问代词,用来构成特殊疑问句:
1. 与表示人的名词或人称代词连用,用来提问对方或第三者的职业或身份。例如:
What is Comrade Liu? 刘同志是做什么的?
“What are you?” “I'm a worker.” “你是做什么的?”“我是工人。”
2. 与介词like连用,表示“怎么样”和“象什么”的意思。例如:
What is the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样?
What is the elephant's leg like? 大象的腿象什么?
What does your girlfriend look like? 你女朋友长得什么样?
3. 与about连用,用来表示征求意见或询问消息,表示“对于……怎么样”的意思。例如:
What (is your opinion) about going out for a walk? 我们出去散散步怎么样?
You didn't recognize your uncle at the station at once? What about your elder sister? 你在车站没有立即认出你叔叔?那你姐姐呢?
4. 与介词for连用,表示“为了什么目的”的意思。例如:
What will your father go to Beijing for? 你父亲去北京干什么?
二、用作疑问形容词:
1. 用来表示“多少”的意思。例如:
What does a Chinese-English dictionary cost? 买一本汉英辞典要多少钱?
What's the date today? 今天几号?
2. 用来构成感叹句,表示“多么”的意思。例如:
What a happy life we are living! (= What a happy life we are having!=What a happy life we are leading!=What a happy life we are enjoying!) 我们过着多么幸福的生活啊!
3. 用来说明名词,作前置定语,表示“什么”和“怎样的”的意思。例如:
What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了?
What time do you get up every day? 你每天什么时间起床?
What size do you want? 你要多大尺寸的?
三、用作连接代词,用来引导主语从句,宾语从句和表语从句。例如:
What you said just now is very important. 你刚才说的很重要。(引导主语从句)
注:
1. “What ...is ...”是个强调句型,常译为“……的是……”,what通常作主语从句的宾语,有时也可作主语从句的主语。例如:
What troubles me most is that I don't know how to tell her the bad news. 最使我苦恼的是我不知道该怎样告诉她这个坏消息才好。
2. “is”后可接一般的表语,也可接表语从句。(如上面的两个例句)
I didn't understand what you had said. 我不理解你说的话。(引导宾语从句)
The question is what we can tell him. 问题是我们能告诉他什么。(引导表语从句)
此外,what可用在不定式前,和不定式一起在句中作宾语、主语或表语。例如:
I don't know what to do. 我不知道该做什么好。
What to do has not been decided yet. 做什么还未决定。
The question is what to do. 问题是做什么?