英语句型有几种(英语基本句型八种)

英语句型有几种(英语基本句型八种)

首页维修大全综合更新时间:2024-03-04 01:41:56

英语句型有几种

1.主语+系动词+表语,该句型简称为主系表结构

系动词包括be动词,表示感官的系动词,表示持续的系动词,表示表像系动词,表示变化的系动词,表示终止的系动词。

①be动词(is, am, are)

Tom is student.

②表示感官的系动词(smell, taste, look, feel等)

The medicine tastes bitter.

③表示持续的系动词(keep, remain, stay, stand等)

He remained a teacher.

④表示表像系动词(look, seem, appear等)

He seemed very sleepy.

⑤表示变化的系动词(go, turn, become, grow, get, fall等)

The food went bad.

⑥表示终止的系动词(turn out, prove)

The method turned out effective.

2.主语+谓语

该句型简称为主谓结构,谓语为不及物动词(英文缩写为vi)或部分动副结构的短语动词。这与汉语的主谓结构语序一致。

Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。

The students rushed out.

3.主语+谓语+宾语

该句型简称为主谓宾结构,谓语为及物动词(英文缩写为vt)或不及物动词+介词的动词短语。这与汉语的主谓宾结构语序一致。

I enjoy sports.我喜欢运动。

He has arrived at school.

4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

该句型简称为主谓宾宾结构,间接宾语一般是人,直接宾语一般是物,可借助介词to或for交换两个宾语的位置,直接宾语和间接宾语统称为双宾语。

能够跟双宾语的常用动词有很多,例如bring sb sth(bring sth to sb); pass sb sth(pass sth to sb); show sb sth(show sth to sb); offer sb sth(offer sth to sb); teach sb sth(teach sth to sb); buy sb sth(buy sth for sb); choose sb sth(choose sth for sb);

He bought his daughter a book.

He bought a book for his daughter.

5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

该句型简称为主谓宾宾补结构,宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。能够跟复合宾语的常用动词有很多,多是表感官和使役的动词,多种形式可以做宾语补足语:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,介词短语,名词等。

例如其中有些动词可跟省略to的不定式作宾补:有个顺口溜大体可以归纳这些动词:一感(feel),二听(hear,listen to),三让(have,make,let),五看(see, watch, notice, observe, look at),半帮助(help可省略to, 也可不省略to)。

有些动词可以同时跟现在分词和过去分词作宾补,例如感官动词(see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel等),have,get,find,leave等,所表达的含义不同,宾补与宾语的关系不同。

有些动词可以同时跟不定式,现在分词和过去分词作宾补,例如感官动词(see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel等),所表达的含义不同,宾补与宾语的关系不同。

We heard him sing a song.我们听见他唱了一首歌。(sing与him之间是主动关系,表动作完成)

We heard him singing a song.我们听见他正在唱歌。(sing与him之间是主动关系,表动作正在进行)

We heard a song sung by him. 我们听到他唱了一首歌。(sing与song之间是被动关系,表动作完成)

有些动词可以跟不定式,现在分词,过去分词,形容词,副词,名词,介词短语等作宾补。例如leave,find等。

He found the book (to be) difficult.

He found the girl lying on the ground.

He found the door locked.

Did you find him out?

He found himself in hospital.

I found the boy in tears.

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